Authors - Almas Temirbekov, Bekdaulet Khudaibergen, Nurlan Temirbekov, Aigul Sagatbekkyzy Abstract - The problem to be solved is to determine how the bend angle of an Lshaped channel affects steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow and the associated hydraulic losses. Two channel geometries are considered and compared: a channel with a 45° bend and a channel with a 90° bend. Numerical computations are performed for Reynolds numbers Re = 500, 1000, and 2000. The flow is described by the stationary Navier–Stokes equations and solved using the finite element method. Newton’s method is applied to solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic system. The numerical results are analyzed using velocity and pressure fields, stream-function distributions, pressure drop, loss coefficient, and Euler number. The simulations show that the 90° bend produces a stronger rearrangement of the flow downstream of the corner than the 45° bend. Due to the sharper change in flow direction, the velocity field becomes more distorted, pressure gradients increase, and recirculation zones become more pronounced as the Reynolds number grows. In contrast, the 45° bend provides a smoother flow transition and more regular velocity and pressure distributions. The integral characteristics confirm these observations. For all considered Reynolds numbers, the 90° bend leads to a higher pressure drop than the 45° bend. Although the loss coefficient and Euler number vary with Re, the 90° geometry remains less favorable. These results demonstrate that the bend angle significantly affects both local flow structure and pressure-loss characteristics.
