Authors - K. N. Subramanya, Padmashree T., Manojith Bhat V., Manasvini G. Padmasali Abstract - In an era of rising digital dependence and ever-evolving cyber threats, cybersecurity has become a concern for education institutions of all sizes. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are prime targets for cyberattacks since they manage massive volumes of sensitive data related to students, faculty, and research. Protecting this data is important to avoid major consequences such as disruptions in academic services, reputational harm, legal or financial ramifications. This survey consolidates current research on cybersecurity practices in HEIs, analyzes critical digital assets and infrastructure. It also reviews selected cybersecurity frameworks adopted globally. The survey further explorers the threat landscape confronting HEIs, examining various cyberattacks by identifying possible entry points, attack pathways, and potential consequences. The study emphasizes the necessity of adaptive cybersecurity approaches that can evolve alongside emerging technologies and pedagogical models in academia.
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